The Low-Dose Ozone Concept and Its Basic Biochemical Mechanisms of Action in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Type: Journal Article
Author: Renate Viebahn-Haensler 1,*,† and Olga Sonia León Fernández
Conclusion
The low-dose ozone concept with its moderate oxidative stress represents an ideal hormesis strategy. Dose–response and concentration–effect relationships in the context of specific applications allow one to fix concentration ranges with therapeutical benefit.
Based on the well-known reaction mechanisms of ozone, with its biochemical and pharmacological effects partly shown here, international guidelines have been defined concerning physiological and ozone resistant materials, indications, applications, and the effective concentration and dosage range depending on specific indications. Major autohemotherapy and rectal insufflation have proven themselves as evidence-based systemic forms of ozone application.
The pharmacological background investigated in a remarkable number of cell experiments, preclinical and clinical trials is well documented and published in internationally peer reviewed journals. This should encourage clinicians to set up clinical trials that assess chronic inflammatory diseases, integrating medical ozone as a complement in order to benefit from the bioregulatory mechanisms to achieve synergistic effects and reduce side effects of basic therapeutics and drugs, thus helping to protect the liver and kidneys in particular.